Standard characteristics
7 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Fifteen studied dietary sources of calcium (n=810 calcium, n=723 controls),16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 and 51 studied calcium supplements (n=6547 calcium, n=5710 controls).7 12 13 14 15 17 19 20 21 22 26 28 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Table 1 ? shows study design and selected baseline characteristics for included studies of dietary calcium. Tables 2 and 3 show the study design and selected baseline characteristics for trials of calcium supplements, without and with additional vitamin D, respectively. ? ? Further details are in tables A-C in appendix 2. Of the 15 randomised controlled trials of dietary sources of calcium, 10 used milk or milk powder, two used dairy products, and three used hydroxyapatite preparations. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, 36 studied calcium monotherapy, 13 co-administered CaD, and two were multi-arm studies of both. Table 4 summarises other features of the trials ? . Most of them studied calcium without vitamin D in women aged <70 living in the community; the mean baseline dietary calcium intake was <800 mg/day; and most trials lasted ?2 years. A calcium dose of >500 mg/day was used in most trials, but a higher proportion of trials of calcium supplements used a dose of ?1000 mg/day. Table C in appendix 2 shows our assessment of risk of bias. Of the 15 trials of dietary sources of calcium, we assessed two as low risk of bias, six as moderate risk, and seven as high risk. Of the 51 trials of calcium supplements, we assessed 19 as low risk of bias, 12 as moderate risk, and 20 as high risk.
Design of randomised controlled trials and you will selected standard characteristics from eligible trials off calcium supplements that also utilized nutritional D medicine
No. 1 analyses
Dining table 5 ? summarises the outcomes of your own meta-analyses. Increasing calcium intake from fat loss sources enhanced BMD by the 0.6-step one.0% from the total stylish and you will full muscles at the one year and you may by 0.7-1.8% at the these sites additionally the lumbar sito incontri per single over 50 back and femoral shoulder on 2 years (figs step one and you can dos ? ? . There’s zero impact on BMD in the forearm.
Fig step one Random effects meta-research of effect of dieting sourced elements of calcium supplements into commission change during the limbs nutrient density (BMD) away from baseline within 12 months
Fig 2 Random effects meta-investigation regarding effectation of weightloss resources of calcium to the payment changes during the bone mineral occurrence (BMD) from baseline from the couple of years
As soon as we minimal brand new analyses towards the twelve randomised regulated examples away from whole milk or dairy foods, because of the leaving out around three examples from hydroxyapatite, discover absolutely nothing change in the outcomes. Calcium supplements increased BMD at all four skeletal internet sites because of the 0.7-1.4% on 1 year (figs step 3 and 4 ? ? ), by 0.8-step 1.5% within 24 months (figs 5 and you will six ? ? ), by 0.8-step one.8% during the more than two and a half decades (fig seven ? ) (range of time of trials is 3 to 5 many years).
